Sunday, January 22, 2017

The Different Parts of a Computer and Their Respective Functions and Uses

Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Photo courtesy of https://fthmb.tqn.com/sw0QFUubqm5e1bcF-Ktr7KtJJ_0=/768x0/filters:no_upscale()/about/intel-xeon-e3-1200-5807074c3df78cbc28b496a3.jpg (google.com)

 The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a computer part that is responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands from the computer's hardware and software. It is widely considered as the brains of the computer.

 Motherboard
Photo courtesy of https://files.graphiq.com/5030/media/images/_4286738.jpg (google.com)

 The motherboard is the computer component where some materials such as the processor, memory modules, expansion cards and external devices are attached. It is responsible in controlling the functions of each computer component and is the basis of the computer. The motherboard has several connection slots that are designed and made for peripheral devices and also memory slots.

Processor



The processor executes the lion’s share of the information processing in a computer. It is considered as the engine of the computer. The processor's duties is to fetch commands and necessary information from the RAM, to carry out the tasks specified by the commands, and to return the processed information to the RAM.

 Computer Case
Photo courtesy of  https://www.quietpc.com/images/products/nof-cs-80-sideopen-large.jpg (google.com)

 The computer case is the computer's outer shell. It is responsible in catering different computer parts or components, such as the motherboard, processor, random access memory modules, hard drive, etc. It is also known as computer chassis. 

 Hard Drive 
Photo courtesy of http://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/dDEfZbLf33WZeVNKtY2MjZ.jpg (google.com)

 The hard drive is a component that serves as the permanent memory of the computer where saved files remain even when the computer is turned off. It is mainly and widely used in saving various files. The hard drive can also be utilized in storing the computer's operating system and important files as well. 

 Keyboard
Photo courtesy of http://creativestockphoto.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/images-of-computer-keyboard.jpg (google.com)

 The keyboard is the computer part that is used to input text, characters, and other commands into a computer or similar device. A standard keyboard has 102 keys. The keys are divided into alphabetical (a-z), numerical (1-0) and special (Function, Ctrl, Alt etc keys). In addition to the usual alphabetical and numerical keys, you should know at least the following special keys that are located among the alphabetical ones.

Random Access Memory (RAM)



The Random Access Memory (RAM) is a computer component, a memory storage, that  functions during computer use and is utilized by the processor. The RAM is composed of one or more memory modules. The amount of RAM is around 4 – 16 GB in modern computers but it depends on the purpose and type of the computer. 

Read- Only Memory (ROM)


                                 (google.com)

The Read- Only Memory (ROM) is a permanent  and non- volatile memory. It permits random data access and is connected or fused in the motherboard. 

Display Adapter 



                                (google.com)

The display adapter is a computer part that allows the user to attach the display to the computer; it also controls the display image. 

Optical Disc Drive


                                 (google.com)

The optical disk drive is used in retrieving and storing data on optical disks such as CDs, DVDs (Disk Versatile Disk), and BDs (Blu-ray discs). It is a piece of computer hardware that has almost the same size as a  thick soft cover book. 

DVD and Blu- ray Drives with Writing Capabilities 



The DVD (Disk Versatile Disk) and Blu- ray drives can help a user in burning backup copies of important files to DVDs.  CD drives are older and have mostly been replaced with DVD drives. CD drives can only burn data on CDs, which have a substantially smaller storage capacity, while DVD drives can burn data to both CDs and DVDs with more capacity.

Video Card


                               (google.com)

The video card is used to process images which can be seen then in the computer. It is connected to the motherboard or to the central processing unit (CPU).  It is a printed circuit board in form and contains its own processing unit and memory.

Sound Card



The sound card is an expansion card or integrated circuit (IC) that is used in producing sounds for a computer which can be heard through speakers and headphones. 

Expansion Card



The expansion card is a printed circuit board (PCB) that fits into an expansion slot on a desktop computer. It is used to give additional capabilities to computer such as enhanced video performance through a graphics card. 

Power Supply Unit



The power supply unit is a computer part that is used to convert the power provided from the outlet into usable power for the components inside the computer case. It converts the alternating current (AC) into a continuous form of power that the computer components need in order to run normally, called direct current (DC). It also regulates overheating by controlling voltage, which may change automatically or manually depending on the power supply.

Mouse



The mouse, also known as a pointer, is a hand- operated input device that is used to manipulate objects on a computer screen. 
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Wednesday, January 18, 2017

Safety precautions are very important in handling different tools. We always need to practice the proper handling of tools for safety purposes and also, for the preservation of these tools.
Proper Tool Selection



Tools range from a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a particular function.


The following tips can help us in selecting tools:


1. Use a certain tool or equipment according to its functionality and purpose.


2. Your own judgment and perception can affect your ability to handle different tools.


Keep these in mind!
  • Familiarize, know, and understand all the details with regards to the flow and scope of the work that you want to achieve or attain.
  • Thorough planning is very important and necessary. Stick to your plan and remember your objectives.
The Safety Procedures in Handling Different Tools and Equipment 

A worker must always be aware of the task he must accomplish so that he would know the tools to use. Choosing the correct tools for a specific task will reduce the chance of inflicting bodily injuries. Selecting the wrong tool may damage the tool itself and harm the user.

The following tips can help us in handling and utilizing these tools:
  • Know the uses of each tool.
  • Use a certain tool or all the tools only if it/ they is/ are needed.
  • Label each tool for easy identification.
  • Keep the tools away from kids and children.
  • Always properly store and hide the tools in a safe and secured place. 
  • Keep your tools in a toolbox. 
  • Know the functionality of each tool beforehand. Don't use a certain tool if is damaged.
  • Always observe your workplace.
  • Observe proper posture.
  • Always handle and use your tools with care.
KEEP IN MIND: Occupational safety and health procedures are not the sole task of the management. Everyone in the workplace must be vigilant and smart so that accidents and unwanted damages will be avoided.


Procedures in Cleaning, Tightening, and Simple Repair of Some Computer Hardware Servicing Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia

Hand tools and equipment are subjected to different levels of abuse while in use. These abuses may result in the tools being dirty, loosely connected or even damaged. Before using any tool or equipment, it is a must that they be inspected properly to ensure that they are operational and safe.
One basic thing to remember to keep hand tools, equipment and paraphernalia clean is to make sure that the workplace is properly organized.
  • The work area must always be kept neat and tidy.
  • All tools and equipment must be placed in a clean and dry place.
  • Clean tools and equipment work more efficiently. This lessens the effort needed to operate them and reduces the possibility of mishaps.
  • Before cleaning any tool, be sure to wear the proper personal protective equipment (PPE). Gloves, masks and goggles are usually worn when cleaning tools since most cleaning agents and solutions are harmful to the human body.
  • Only use cleaning agents as prescribed by the tool or equipment’s manufacturer. Follow the cleaning procedures as well to make sure that no damage will be inflicted on the tools.
  • Cleaning the tools after use is highly recommended.
  • Tools with moving parts often suffer loosening of its parts. This is normal since these segments keep on moving. A tool with loose parts will not function properly and may cause injuries.
  • Gripping tools such as pliers is an example that needs tightening. A pliers' rivet must be well tightened to be able to grip properly.
  • Lubricants must also be applied after tightening to reduce the friction.
  • Driving tools’ handles must also be tightened to reduce hand strain when turning. A loosely connected handle will make it almost impossible to use it.


In doing simple repair of tools, make sure that you are knowledgeable in doing so. Repairing tools without sufficient skills may result to further damage or inflict injuries to the fixer. Small repairs like tightening, sharpening and changing of handles may not require special skills to do. Power tools and specialized equipment on the other hand may require specialized skills in repairing. It is recommended that complicated tools and equipment be brought to the authorized service center. If a tool or equipment is beyond repair, it must be disposed properly.

KEEP IN MIND: It is the responsibility of everyone to maintain the good operating condition of all the hand tools, equipment and paraphernalia in the workplace. Since these tools help in the completion of the different job requirements, keeping them well preserved will make work easier and more efficient.  
  Common Malfunction in Hand Tools, Equipment and Paraphernalia


The proper use of tools, equipment and paraphernalia will greatly increase efficiency and occupational safety in a workplace. Having the proper knowledge and skills in using such tools is needed in order to operate and use them effectively. But more often than not, problems and malfunctions may arise while using these tools. These malfunctions can be minimized by exercising careful usage of the tools.
Malfunctions and other unplanned and unusual event may not be totally eliminated, but it can surely be minimized.Listed below are some of the malfunctions and unplanned events when using the different tools in completing a job requirement:


The following are some of the malfunctions and unplanned events when using the different tools in completing a job requirement (continued):
  • When using a driving tool, screws may slip the tip of the screw driver. This happens when the screw driver is not properly aligned with drive of the screw’s head. This can be minimized by making sure that the tip of the screw driver is well secured in the drive of the screw’s head. Using a screw driver with a magnetized tip can also help minimize this type of malfunction.
  • Small objects tend to fall down when being held by a gripping tool like pliers. This usually happens when the jaws of the pliers are blunt, thus making it hard to hold on things. This can be prevented by making sure that gripping tools have well maintained jaws that can grasp objects properly.
Listed below are some of the malfunctions and unplanned events when using the different tools in completing a job requirement (continued):
  • The use of striking tools also imposes a great threat if there will be a malfunction. Common hazards are heads separating away from the handle. This could cause severe injuries to anyone. To avoid this type of accident, the handle of a striking tool must be tightly attached to its head.
  • Mishaps in using cutting tools is also dangerous. Malfunctions may arise from slippage of the material to be cut. This may also happen if a cutting tool is not sharp enough. These unplanned events will cause laceration and wounds to the user. To avoid this, cutting tools must always be kept sharp.
  • Power tools also impose danger during mishaps. Common problems are electrical short circuiting or mechanical problems. Malfunctioning power tools may cause electrocution and even decapitation of the limbs. These accidents can be avoided by making sure that all power tools are well maintained and are in fit operating condition.
  • Diagnostic tools may not impose a threat to the well-being of a worker but inaccurate reading may compromise the completion of a job requirement. Inaccurate reading may occur if a diagnostic tool is not properly calibrated. To avoid this, a regular calibration to all diagnostic tools must be done.
KEEP IN MIND:
  • There is certainly no absolute way to avoid any unforeseen malfunctions.
  • The only way to minimize them is to have the appropriate knowledge in using the different tools.
  • Proper inspection and assessment of tools must also be practiced to ensure the safety of the worker and the accurate completion of a job requirement.
  • Having a first aid kit in the work area is also necessary so that quick response and cure can be applied in case of any injuries.


Source/s: http://www.slideshare.net/kenjoyb/k-to-12-pc-                         hardware-servicing-learning-module

               https://www.safetyinfo.com/safety-rules-hand-tools-free-index/
                https://school.quipper.com/en-PH/index.html




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Monday, January 9, 2017

The Different Computer Hardware Servicing Tools

The field of computer hardware servicing is very vast but interesting. There are various tools that can help us in doing our tasks effectively and efficiently under this domain. Computer hardware servicing tools are divided into four main groups, namely: hand tools, cleaning tools, diagnostic tools, and the electrostatic discharge (ESD) tools. 


Hand Tools
- these are devices that are designed for performing work on a certain material and a physical system. 

The following tools are classified under this group: 
  • Flat Head Screwdriver- a tool used to loosen and tighten slotted screws.

  • Torx Screwdriver- a tool used to loosen or tighten screws that have star- like depression.


  • Philips Head Screwdriver- a tool used to loosen or tighten cross head screws.
  • Hex Driver- also known as a nut driver; a tool used to tighten nuts just like when a screwdriver tightens screws. 

  • Needle- Nose pliers- a tool used to hold small parts. 


  • Wire Cutter- a tool used to strip and cut wires.

  • Tweezers- a tool used to manipulate small parts.



  • Part Retriever- a tool used to retrieve parts from a location that are too small for a human hand to fit.



  • Flashlight- a tool used to light up areas that are difficult to see.



Cleaning Tools
- these are essential for the maintenance and fixing of computers.

The following tools are classified under this group:

  • Lint- Free Cloth- a tool used to clean the different components in a computer without leaving scratches and debris.
Photo courtesy of http://cejudoangelo.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/6/7/12679902/4210148.jpg

  •  Compressed Air- a tool used to blow away both dust and  debris from different computer  parts. 

  •  Cable Ties- a tool used to bundle cables neatly inside and      outside of a computer.
Photo courtesy of  https://static.computercablestore.com/content/images/thumbs/0012462_8-inch-black-standard-nylon-cable-tie-100-pack.jpeg



  • Parts Organizer- a tool used to hold screws, jumpers, fasteners, and other small parts to prevent them from getting mixed and also for identification purposes.
Photo courtesy of https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41DDj5cUZtL.jpg

Diagnostic Tools
- these are important for testing purposes.

The following tools are classified under this group:

  • Multimeter- a tool used to test the durability or strength of circuits and also the quality of electricity in computer equipment.
Photo courtesy of  https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1OPICKFXXXXcYXFXXq6xXFXXXP/1-font-b-PC-b-font-MY-62-Digital-font-b-Multimeter-b-font-Volt-Amp.jpg


  • Loopback Adapter- a tool used to test the functionality of computer ports.
Photo courtesy of https://static.computercablestore.com/content/images/thumbs/0002717_sc-fiber-optic-loopback-adapter-50125.jpeg


Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Tools
- are important in protecting computers from the damages brought by ESD.

One of the tools under this classification is...

  • Anti- static Wrist Strap- a tool used to prevent ESD from damaging computer equipment. 


Photo courtesy of http://i.ebayimg.com/images/i/330779697702-0-1/s-l1000.jpg




Source: http://www.slideshare.net/kenjoyb/k-to-12-pc-hardware-servicing-learning-module
                                       www.google.com
   


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